Highlights
- •The initial treatment of acute DVT influences late complications.
- •Post-thrombotic syndrome affects 40% of patients with symptomatic DVT.
- •Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) rapidly eliminates clot but increases bleeding.
- •Randomized trials are inconclusive on whether CDT provides long-term benefit.
- •A highly individualized approach should be used for patient selection.
Abstract
The application of catheter-based methods to treat acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
has increased in recent years. Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), introduced during
the early 1990s, has shown the ability to rapidly eliminate thrombus and is used in
many centers as a salvage therapy for DVT patients who exhibit a poor initial response
to anticoagulant therapy. However, CDT has disadvantages in terms of safety and resource
use. Although CDT methods have evolved substantially to try to address these issues,
for most of the last 25 years there was little high-quality data on CDT outcomes upon which to base patient
care decisions. The paucity of evidence was particularly problematic for long-term
outcomes such as recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the post-thrombotic syndrome
(PTS). Fortunately, rigorous studies of CDT are now being completed. Accordingly,
the purpose of this article is to: 1) state the known and unknown factors influencing
risk and benefit with use of CDT and related methods to treat acute DVT; 2) summarize
emerging evidence showing the patient outcomes that occur when CDT is used for first-line
management of DVT; and 3) suggest clinical parameters for CDT utilization in light
of the available evidence.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 18, 2017
Accepted:
August 17,
2017
Received in revised form:
August 12,
2017
Received:
May 1,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
