Prognostic significance of delays in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism

Abstract 

Study objective

To investigate the prognostic significance of a diagnostic delay of greater than 1 week after symptom onset in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Location

Emergency Department of Ramón y Cajal Hospital, a 1500-bed tertiary-care center in Madrid, Spain.

Patients

Diagnosed with PE by objective testing between January 1, 2003, and June 30, 2005.

Interventions

All patients received standard anticoagulation therapy during follow-up.

Endpoints

Death from any cause or symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), confirmed by standard objective testing, within 3 months after PE diagnosis.

Results

Of the 397 patients with acute PE, 72 (18%) had a diagnostic delay while 325 (82%) did not. The all-cause mortality rate was 13.1% at 3 months (95% CI=9.8–16.4%); due to 9 (12.5%) deaths in the diagnostic delay group and 43 (13.2%) deaths in the group without diagnostic delay (OR 0.9; 95% CI=0.4–2.0). Though multivariate analysis of clinical variables at the time of PE diagnosis identified active cancer, heart failure and immobility for more than 4 days as independent risk factors for death, diagnostic delay was not predictive. Recurrent VTE was observed in 3 (4.2%) of 72 patients with diagnostic delay and in 15 (4.6%) of 325 patients without diagnostic delay (odds ratio: 0.9; 95% CI=0.2–3.2). None of the variables analysed, including diagnostic delay, was associated with an increased risk of recurrent VTE during follow-up.

Conclusions

Among survivors diagnosed with acute PE in the Emergency Department, we did not detect an association between a delay in diagnosis and an increased risk of death or VTE recurrence during the ensuing 3 months of treatment.

Keywords: Pulmonary embolism, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Delays